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Tariana Articles and Materials

• Mascara (pdf 75kb)
• Texts for Lincom-Europa (pdf 579 kb)
• Stradelli VV (1650kb)   (receipt)
• or Stradelli VV (pdf 1686kb)

• Arawak (pdf 134 kb)
• Globalization paper Aikhenvald (pdf 150 kb)
• Grammar - Chapter 1 (pdf 381 kb)
• Imperatives (pdf 200 kb)
• Language Contact in Amazonia - Chapter 1 (pdf 231 kb)
• Le Tariana (pdf 125kb)
• Encyclopedia (pdf 91kb)
• Dictionary 2002 (pdf 1343kb)
• Grammar contents (pdf 185kb)
• Vocabulary for grammar (pdf 125 kb)

• Histórias (pdf 181kb)
• Grammar texts (pdf 232kb)
• Texts for Lincom-Europa (pdf 579kb)

• Teaching Tariana (pdf 85kb)
• Teaching in Lauarete (jpeg)

• Aikhenvald CV and publications (pdf 135 kb)
• Language contact Amazonia references (pdf 197kb)
• Grammar references (pdf 129kb)

Manambu belongs to the Ndu language family, and is spoken by about 2,500 people in five villages: Avatip, Yawabak, Malu, Apa:n, and Yambon (Yuanab) in East Sepik Province, Ambunti district. About 200–400 speakers live in the cities of Port Moresby, Wewak, Lae, and Madang; a few people live in Kokopo and Mount Hagen.

Tariana Articles and Materials

Unlinked items can be found at JCU by searching name and author.
JCU Publications Alexandra Aikhenvald

1. Introduction: The Language & its Speakers (pdf 418 kb)
2. Phonology (pdf ... kb)
3. Grammatical Relations (pdf ... kb)
4. Word Classes (pdf ... kb)
5. Gender Marking, Semantics, & Agreement (pdf ... kb)
6. Number (pdf ... kb
7. Case Marking (pdf ... kb)
8. Possession (pdf ... kb)
9. Derivation & Compounding (pdf ... kb)
10. Closed Classes (pdf ... kb)
11. Predicate Structure & Verb Root Types (pdf ... kb)
12. Verbal Categories in Positive Declarative & Interrogative Clauses (pdf ... kb)
13. Mood & Modality (pdf ... kb)
14. Negation (pdf ... kb)
15. Verb Compounding (pdf ... kb)
16. Directionals & Valency-Changing Devices (pdf ... kb)
17. Complex Predicates (pdf ... kb)
18. Clause Linking & Dependent Clauses (pdf ... kb)
19. Other Dependent Clauses & Further Features of Clause Linking (pdf ... kb)
20. Clause Types & Discourse-Pragmatic Devices (pdf ... kb)
21. Issues in Semantics & Features of Lexicon (pdf ... kb)
22. Genetic & Areal Relationships & New Developments in the Language (pdf ... kb)

Memories

Manambu Gallery    1   

Manambu Gallery    2

Evidentiality is a grammatical category with source of information as its primary meaning—whether the speaker saw the event happen, did not see it but heard it, made an inference based on general knowledge or visual traces, or was told about it. Languages may distinguish firsthand and non-firsthand information or have a special marker just for reported evidentiality. In larger evidential systems, firsthand or visual evidential may contrast with nonvisual, inferred, assumed, and reported. Evidentiality is a verbal category in its own right. It does not bear any straightforward relationship to the expression of the speaker’s responsibility or attitude toward the statement. Neither is evidentiality a subcategory of modality or a tense. Nonevidential categories, including perfect aspect, past tense, conditional, and other modalities and complementation devices, can develop meanings related to information source. French linguists employ the term “mediative.” Scholars of Quechua use the term “validational” or “verificational.”

This site contains resources on evidentiality, with special reference tp the foundational work